Basic Principles
Sound is a series of equipment reinfocement sedemikia arranged as to sound reinforcement or music to be heard by many people. The basic principle is always the same. Starting from a simple system till the most complex such as:
1. The sound captured by the microphone from the source.
2. Microphone change the voice into electrical signals through wires and mengiimnya into mixer.
3. Mixer received signal sounds and music through any canals was then to mix (mix and menseimbangkan) to be sent again via the cable to the power amplifier rampaian.
4. Power amplifier transform signals into electrical energy and sends it to the loudspeaker
5. Loudspeaker transform electrical energy into mechanical movement of the cone speaker that location then mnggetarkan air and into sound.
6. Audience listening to the sound.
This also applies to a home audio system, tape deck or CD player as the source of the sound, and a pre amp (in the live system replaced mixer), generally contained in one body with the power amplifier (integrated amlifier).
In a simple system, power amplifier may be included in one package with a mixer called powe mixer or power amplifier is also included in box speakers more familiar with powered speakers. But no matter how large and complex a system, will still be on the above principles, as seen earlier in Figure A.
In a larger system, there will be some additional equipment that will of course there are a lot of settings. In figure B, looks more complex system. And this is usually applied to the cafe, pub, bar or club featuring live music and air area is not too large.
Dala system there are several principles that should be considered more like:
1. Position sbaiknya mixing console in a position listener, so that what is heard by the soundman is what is heard by the audience. In other words mixer premises are not in the side or back of the stage.
2. All microphones and instruments delivered to the mixer via a cable snake.
3. Mixer or a mixing console in the system is more complete than previous simple system, because it has more settings even with the same working principle. Only include facilities such as a semi parameric equalizer, with 3 bands (low, mid, hi) or 4 bands (low, lo-mid, hi-mid, hi). There are also auxiliary send is enabled to send a signal to the monitor system and / system into effect. In there is a switch for auxiliary aux pre / post. Menirim pre Auxiliary is to signal that apart from the influence of faders and eq channel used to send the signal to the monitor, while the auxiliary post is the opposite that is sending the signal that is sent to follow the influence of the fader and equalizer of the canal and used to send a signal to the effect.
4. Signal output from the mixer is sent to pass crossover equalizer. In this equalizer soundman doing pen-setting to overcome the acoustic space, feedback or other constraints that bothersome.
5. Crossover serves to sort out frequencies that will be sent to the power amplifier to drive the loudspeaker with tnggapan certain frequency. Since the speaker system is not uncommon utamanaya the separate speaker to handle the low frequencies (sub-woofer) and speakers for full range (figure C)
Tipical system for Touring
Next is the system for the larger touring and complex. As used for large concerts with a larger area. In this system the equipment is used very much, and always * with an active crossover which often also replaced by a digital controller in which there has been a crossover, limiter, parametric eq, etc.. Also always use a monitor mixer that is completely separate from the main mixer, functioned to send a signal to a series of effects which are not few in number.
But no matter how complicated this touring principle, still not too much different from previous sound principles that are also not too difficult to understand. It's just that in the system there are a few more extra penjlasan like:
1. Mixer selalulebih great and have more complete facilities, comprising at least 24 channels or even up to 40. and it is not possible to use more than one mixer. This often occurs when the appearance of more than one band is setting the canals do not want the hassle by setting another group who happened to perform on one stage.
2. System monitors operated by the monitor engineer to use their own monitor mixer and apart altogether from the main mixer.
3. In the equipment rack there are at least 2 pieces or a dual mono EQ EQ (because they always play in stereo), then a compressor, limiter, noise gate, aural exciter, multiple delay, reverb, etc.. The many equipment functioned to produce the desired sound and muffle the voices that are not desirable.
4. Mixer for stage monitor system consists of 6 output sometimes even up to 16 outputs, and send the signal was tepisah to each monitor for the musicians or singers as they want.
5. It takes so many wires, power amlifier and enormous power to drive many loudspeakers that may be played in a 3way, 4way or even 5way.
As has been seen together a lot in common from the start till the simplest system the most complex system, only the equipment rack are experiencing a difference, but still the same principle. Mixer remains the same whether or 40kanal 4kanal
